Body region

Arms

Follow the muscles, tendons, nerves, bones and ligaments from the upper arm through the forearm and elbow.

Showing 70 pages

Anatomy

26
IA-SHO-ANA-053

Anconeus

Learn where the small anconeus muscle sits behind the elbow, how it assists the triceps, and why pain in this area can be difficult to localize.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-058

Annular Ligament of the Elbow

Learn how the annular ligament holds the radial head against the ulna while allowing the forearm to rotate.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-003

Biceps Brachii (Long Head)

Learn about the long head of biceps brachii — its shoulder attachment, function, and the tendinopathy and instability issues linked to it.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-054

Biceps Brachii

Learn how the two heads of biceps brachii bend the elbow and turn the palm upward, where pain may be felt, and how the muscle connects to the shoulder.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-021

Biceps Tendon Sheath

Learn about the biceps tendon sheath — the synovial sleeve around the long head biceps tendon in the bicipital groove — and its role in tenosynovitis.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-055

Brachialis

Learn where the brachialis sits beneath the biceps, why it is a powerful elbow flexor, and what may cause deep pain at the front of the upper arm.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-056

Brachioradialis

Learn why the brachioradialis is strongest with a thumb-up grip, where it runs along the outer forearm, and what can cause pain near the lateral elbow.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-022

Biceps Tendon (Common)

Learn about the common biceps tendon — where the two heads of the biceps converge — including its attachments, function, and related injuries.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-026

Coracobrachialis

Learn where the coracobrachialis runs, how it flexes and adducts the shoulder, and why the musculocutaneous nerve passes through it.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-059

Distal Biceps Tendon

Learn where the distal biceps tendon attaches near the elbow and how it powers palm-up rotation and elbow flexion.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-060

Distal Humerus

Explore the distal humerus, including the trochlea, capitellum and epicondyles that form the upper half of the elbow joint.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-061

Distal Triceps Tendon

Learn how the distal triceps tendon attaches to the olecranon and transmits force to straighten the elbow.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-062

Elbow Joint

Learn how the humerus, radius and ulna form the elbow, how the joint bends and rotates, and which structures keep it stable.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-063

Elbow Ligaments

Understand the elbow’s medial, lateral and annular ligaments and how they resist valgus, varus and rotational stress.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-064

Lateral Elbow Ligament Complex

Learn how the radial collateral and lateral ulnar collateral ligaments stabilize the outer elbow.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-045

Median Nerve

Follow the median nerve from the brachial plexus into the forearm and hand, and learn how its location relates to weakness, tingling and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-033

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Explore the musculocutaneous nerve, its course through coracobrachialis, motor supply to the arm, and sensory territory.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-065

Olecranon Bursa

Learn where the olecranon bursa sits, how it reduces friction and why it can swell at the back of the elbow.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-066

Proximal Radius and Radial Head

Learn how the radial head rotates at the elbow, transfers load and connects with the annular ligament and distal biceps tendon.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-067

Proximal Ulna and Olecranon

Learn how the olecranon, trochlear notch and coronoid process form the stable ulnar side of the elbow.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-046

Radial Nerve

Follow the radial nerve from the brachial plexus around the humerus and learn how it powers the triceps, wrist and finger extensors.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-023

Biceps — Short Head

Learn about the short head of the biceps brachii — its origin on the coracoid process, insertion, nerve supply, action, and related injuries.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-057

Triceps Brachii

Learn how the three heads of triceps straighten the elbow, how the long head also crosses the shoulder, and what can cause pain at the back of the arm.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-068

Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow

Learn where the elbow’s ulnar collateral ligament sits, how it resists valgus stress and why throwing can overload it.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-ANA-048

Ulnar Nerve

Follow the ulnar nerve from the brachial plexus past the elbow and into the hand, and learn how irritation can cause little-finger tingling and hand weakness.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-ANA-001

Wrist and Hand Anatomy Overview

A clear guide to wrist and hand anatomy: the carpal bones, median nerve, flexor tendons, thumb tendons and the common injuries linked to each area.

Read guide →

Exercises

13
IA-UAE-EXE-005

Band Triceps Press-Down

Learn a controlled resistance-band triceps press-down with gradual elbow loading guidance.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-001

Controlled Biceps Curl

Learn how to use a light, controlled biceps curl to rebuild elbow-flexion strength and progress resistance gradually.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-003

Eccentric Wrist Extension

Learn slow eccentric wrist extension for progressive loading of the wrist extensor tendons.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-011

EZ-Bar Curl

Learn EZ-bar curl form, muscles worked, benefits and how to avoid common biceps-curl mistakes.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-007

Finger Tendon Glides

A gentle finger tendon-gliding drill for comfortable hand motion. Learn the positions, dosage and when to stop.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-004

Forearm Pronation and Supination

Learn a controlled palm-up and palm-down forearm rotation exercise, with options for mobility and resistance.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-009

Incline Dumbbell Curl

Learn incline dumbbell curl form, biceps muscles worked, benefits, errors to avoid and progression.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-008

Gentle Median Nerve Glide

A low-intensity median nerve glide that may be used in a clinician-guided carpal tunnel plan. Learn how to keep it gentle and when not to use it.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-013

Overhead Cable Triceps Extension

Learn overhead cable triceps-extension form, muscles worked, benefits, common mistakes and progression.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-010

Rope Triceps Press-Down

Learn rope triceps press-down form, muscles worked, benefits, errors to avoid and progressions.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-012

EZ-Bar Skull Crusher

Learn EZ-bar skull crusher form, triceps muscles worked, common mistakes and safer progressions.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-002

Wrist-Extension Isometric

Learn a simple wrist-extension isometric used to begin loading the wrist extensor muscles without moving the elbow.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-EXE-006

Wrist Flexion Strengthening

Learn supported wrist flexion with a light dumbbell for controlled forearm strengthening.

Read guide →

Glossary

1
IA-UAE-GLO-001

Elbow Glossary

An alphabetized glossary of elbow anatomy and injury terms — tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, epicondyles, ulnar nerve and more — explained in plain English.

Read guide →

Injuries

18
IA-UAE-INJ-001

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome causes numbness, tingling or weakness in the thumb-side fingers. Learn the typical pattern, what can help, and when to seek care.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-INJ-013

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

Learn why ulnar-nerve irritation at the elbow causes ring-and-little-finger tingling, what may aggravate it and when weakness needs assessment.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-INJ-002

De Quervain's Tenosynovitis

De Quervain's tenosynovitis causes pain at the thumb side of the wrist. Learn the typical pattern, practical first steps, and when to get it assessed.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-INJ-014

Distal Biceps Tendinopathy and Tear

Understand gradual distal biceps tendon pain versus a sudden tear, including front-elbow pain, bruising and loss of palm-up strength.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-INJ-009

Distal Radius Fracture

Learn how distal radius fractures happen, what symptoms suggest a broken wrist, and when to seek prompt assessment.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-INJ-015

Elbow Sprain and Dislocation

Understand elbow dislocation, ligament sprains, emergency warning signs and why protected early movement often matters during recovery.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-INJ-006

Elbow Osteoarthritis

Understand elbow osteoarthritis, common symptoms, why stiffness can develop and how activity and strength may be adapted.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-INJ-016

Golfer’s Elbow (Medial Elbow Tendinopathy)

Learn why golfer’s elbow causes inner-elbow pain, which movements commonly aggravate it, and how graded loading may help.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-INJ-017

Olecranon Bursitis

Learn why the bursa at the point of the elbow can swell, how pressure-related bursitis differs from possible infection and when to seek care.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-INJ-007

Radial Head Fracture

Learn how radial head fractures happen, what symptoms may suggest one, why motion matters and when an elbow injury needs prompt assessment.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-INJ-005

Radial Tunnel Syndrome

Radial tunnel syndrome can cause a deep ache or burning over the outer forearm. Learn how it differs from tennis elbow, what may help, and when to get assessed.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-INJ-010

Scaphoid Fracture

Learn why thumb-side wrist pain after a fall may need assessment for a scaphoid fracture, even when swelling is limited.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-INJ-018

Tennis Elbow (Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy)

Learn why tennis elbow causes pain outside the elbow, which loads commonly aggravate it, and how graded rehabilitation may help.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-INJ-003

TFCC Injury: Ulnar-Sided Wrist Pain

TFCC injury can cause pain on the little-finger side of the wrist, clicking and pain with rotation or gripping. Learn what it means and when to get care.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-INJ-011

Thumb Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury

Learn how a thumb UCL injury happens, why pinch weakness matters, and when a sprain needs assessment.

Read guide →
IA-SHO-INJ-019

Triceps Tendinopathy and Tear

Learn how distal triceps tendon irritation differs from a tear, including pain pressing, bruising and loss of elbow-extension strength.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-INJ-008

Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury

Learn how ulnar collateral ligament injuries cause inner-elbow pain, how throwing load can contribute and when assessment is important.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-INJ-004

Wrist Sprain

A wrist sprain may cause pain and swelling after a fall or twist. Learn what to do first, how recovery progresses, and when a fracture needs to be ruled out.

Read guide →

Recovery timelines

2
IA-UAE-REC-001

Golfer's Elbow Recovery Timeline

A realistic golfer's elbow recovery timeline — from the acute flare to strengthening to returning to golf and gripping sports — and what helps it heal.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-REC-002

Tennis Elbow Recovery Timeline

A realistic tennis elbow recovery timeline — from the acute flare to strengthening to returning to sport — and what slows or speeds it up.

Read guide →

Rehabilitation

1
IA-UAE-REH-001

General Upper Arm and Elbow Loading Principles

Learn how to adjust grip, range, resistance and training volume when rebuilding an irritated upper arm or elbow.

Read guide →

Stretches

2
IA-UAE-STR-001

Golfer's Elbow Stretch

Learn the golfer's elbow stretch for inner elbow and forearm tightness, with step-by-step instructions, easier versions and when to stop.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-STR-002

Tennis Elbow Stretch

Learn the standard tennis elbow stretch for the outer elbow and forearm, with step-by-step instructions, easier versions and when to stop.

Read guide →

Symptoms

7
IA-UAE-SYM-001

Elbow Clicking or Popping

Clicking and popping in the elbow is often harmless, but snapping with pain or catching can signal instability or a loose fragment. Learn the difference.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-SYM-002

Elbow Stiffness

Elbow stiffness after an injury or with age can limit how far you can bend and straighten. Learn the common causes and when stiffness needs assessment.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-SYM-003

Forearm Pain

Forearm pain often comes from the tendons that attach at the elbow. Learn the common patterns, when it's minor, and when it needs assessment.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-SYM-006

Inner Elbow Pain

Pain on the inside of the elbow is usually golfer's elbow (flexor tendon irritation) or an ulnar nerve issue. Learn the patterns and when to get assessed.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-SYM-004

Numbness or Tingling in the Thumb and Index Fingers

Numbness or tingling in the thumb, index and middle fingers usually involves the median nerve. Learn the common causes and when it needs assessment.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-SYM-007

Outer Elbow Pain

Pain on the outside of the elbow is usually tennis elbow (extensor tendon irritation). Learn the typical pattern, what helps, and when to get assessed.

Read guide →
IA-UAE-SYM-005

Numbness or Tingling in the Ring and Little Fingers

Numbness or tingling in the ring and little fingers usually involves the ulnar nerve at the elbow. Learn the common causes and when it needs assessment.

Read guide →